OMS: i diesel causano il cancro... (Si, i diesel da miniera degli anni '80...)

[Maxwell61]

Dov'è il problema o la novità. La comunità Europea ha solo smesso di far finta di non sapere che la patria del liberismo, gli USA, ha già da anni vietato quelli che sono i nostri standard (anche Euro 5) per le emissioni di particolato dei diesel.

Basterà utilizzare i dispositivi ad urea o similari che VW o BMW o MB già usano da anni per le vetture diesel destinate all'america. Quanto costerà in più, 100? 200 euro a macchina? Un pollice in meno di cerchi da tamarro rapper e si va a pari.

Particulates - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Riassuntino wikipedia sul particolato per chi non ha presente:

The large number of deaths[11] and other health problems associated with particulate pollution was first demonstrated in the early 1970s [12] and has been reproduced many times since. PM pollution is estimated to cause 22,000-52,000 deaths per year in the United States (from 2000)[13] and 200,000 deaths per year in Europe.

The effects of inhaling particulate matter that have been widely studied in humans and animals now include asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular issues, birth defects, and premature death. The size of the particle is a main determinant of where in the respiratory tract the particle will come to rest when inhaled.

Because of their small size, particles on the order of ~10 micrometers or less (PM10) can penetrate the deepest part of the lungs such as the bronchioles or alveoli.[14] Larger particles are generally filtered in the nose and throat via cilia and mucus, but particulate matter smaller than about 10 micrometers, referred to as PM10, can settle in the bronchi and lungs and cause health problems. The 10 micrometer size does not represent a strict boundary between respirable and non-respirable particles, but has been agreed upon for monitoring of airborne particulate matter by most regulatory agencies.

Similarly, particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, PM2.5, tend to penetrate into the gas exchangeregions of the lung, and very small particles (< 100 nanometers) may pass through the lungs to affect other organs. Penetration of particles in not wholly dependent on their size; shape and chemical composition also play a part. Therefore simple nomenclature can be used to distinguish between the relative penetration of a PM particle into thecardiovascular system. Inhalable particles penetrate no further than the bronchi as they are filtered out by the cilia, Thoracic particles can penetrate right into terminal bronchioles whereas PM which can penetrate to alveoli and hence the circulatory system are termed Respirable particles. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association indicates that PM2.5 leads to high plaque deposits in arteries, causing vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis — a hardening of the arteries that reduces elasticity, which can lead to heart attacks and other cardiovascular problems.[15] Researchers suggest that even short-term exposure at elevated concentrations could significantly contribute to heart disease.

A study in The Lancet concluded that traffic exhaust is the single most serious preventable cause of heart attack in the general public, the cause of 7.4% of all attacks.[16] The smallest particles, less than 100 nanometers (nanoparticles), may be even more damaging to the cardiovascular system.[17]

There is evidence that particles smaller than 100 nanometers can pass through cell membranes and migrate into other organs, including the brain. It has been suggested that particulate matter can cause similar brain damage as that found in Alzheimer patients.

Particles emitted from modern diesel engines (commonly referred to as Diesel Particulate Matter, or DPM) are typically in the size range of 100 nanometers (0.1 micrometer). In addition, these sootparticles also carry carcinogenic components like benzopyrenes adsorbed on their surface. It is becoming increasingly clear that the legislative limits for engines, which are in terms of emitted mass, are not a proper measure of the health hazard. One particle of 10 µm diameter has approximately the same mass as 1 million particles of 100 nm diameter, but it is clearly much less hazardous, as it probably never enters the human body — and if it does, it is quickly removed. Proposals for new regulations exist in some countries, with suggestions to limit the particle surface area or the particle number.

A further complexity that is not entirely documented is how the shape of PM can affect health. Of course the dangerous feathery shape of asbestos is widely recognised to lodge itself in the lungs with often dire consequences. Geometrically angular shapes have more surface area than rounder shapes, which in turn affects the binding capacity of the particle to other, possibly more dangerous substances.

The inhalable dust fraction is the fraction of dust that enters the nose and mouth and may be deposited anywhere in the respiratory tract. The thoracic fraction is the fraction that enters the thorax and is deposited within the lung airways and the gas-exchange regions. The respiratory fraction is what is deposited in the gas exchange regions (alveoli). [18]

The site and extent of absorption of inhaled gases and vapors are determined by their solubility in water. Absorption is also dependent upon air flow rates and the partial pressure of the gases in the inspired air. The fate of a specific contaminant is dependent upon the form in which it exists (aerosol or particulate). Inhalation also depends upon the breathing rate of the subject. [19]

Modificato 13 Giugno 2012 da Maxwell61

[TonyH]

Gli USA non hanno vietato il diesel, hanno solo normative Fuel Neutral (mentre in UE sono diverse se ciclo otto o diesel)

[Maxwell61]

e chi ha mai detto che in usa è vietato il diesel Tonì, va bè che è l'ora dello spritz

infatti ho detto di mettere la raccolta ad urea come fanno per le auto europee in vendita in USA.

Quello che ho detto è che un'auto che soddisfa Euro 5 non rispetta i limiti statunitensi.

[poliziottesco]

Quotando quanto avete gia' detto non e' che ci sia qualcosa di particolarmente nuovo. Il problema e' che quanto riportato e' una notizia di carattere divulgativo, quando si potra' avere accesso ai dati (parte di quello che TonyH mentionava) ed alle metodologie dello (o degli) studi si potra' discutere piu' approfonditamente della cosa.

[poliziottesco]

Per chi fosse interessato, dal database di pubmed Health effects research and regulation of dies... [inhal Toxicol. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI

Inhal Toxicol.

2012 Jun 4. [Epub ahead of print]

[h=1]Health effects research and regulation of diesel exhaust: an historical overview focused on lung cancer risk.[/h]

Hesterberg TW, Long CM, Bunn WB, Lapin CA, McClellan RO, Valberg PA.

[h=3]Source[/h]Navistar Inc. , Chicago, Illinois , USA.

[h=3]Abstract[/h]

The mutagenicity of organic solvent extracts from diesel exhaust particulate (DEP), first noted more than 55 years ago, initiated an avalanche ofdiesel exhaust (DE) health effects research that now totals more than 6000 published studies. Despite an extensive body of results, scientific debate continues regarding the nature of the lung cancer risk posed by inhalation of occupational and environmental DE, with much of the debate focused on DEP. Decades of scientific scrutiny and increasingly stringent regulation have resulted in major advances in diesel engine technologies. The changedparticulate matter (PM) emissions in "New Technology Diesel Exhaust (NTDE)" from today's modern low-emission, advanced-technology on-road heavy-duty diesel engines now resemble the PM emissions in contemporary gasoline engine exhaust (GEE) and compressed natural gas engine exhaust more than those in the "traditional diesel exhaust" (TDE) characteristic of older diesel engines. Even with the continued publication of epidemiologic analyses of TDE-exposed populations, this database remains characterized by findings of small increased lung cancer risks and inconsistent evidence of exposure-response trends, both within occupational cohorts and across occupational groups considered to have markedly different exposures (e.g. truckers versus railroad shopworkers versus underground miners). The recently published National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-National Cancer Institute (NCI) epidemiologic studies of miners provide some of the strongest findings to date regarding a DE-lung cancer association, but some inconsistent exposure-response findings and possible effects of bias and exposure misclassification raise questions regarding their interpretation. Laboratory animal studies are negative for lung tumors in all species, except for rats under lifetime TDE-exposure conditions with durations and concentrations that lead to "lung overload." The species specificity of the rat lung response to overload, and its occurrence with other particle types, is now well-understood. It is thus generally accepted that the rat bioassay for inhaled particles under conditions of lung overload is not predictive of human lung cancer hazard. Overall, despite an abundance of epidemiologic and experimental data, there remain questions as to whether TDE exposure causes increased lung cancers in humans. An abundance of emissions characterization data, as well as preliminary toxicological data, support NTDE as being toxicologically distinct from TDE. Currently, neither epidemiologic data nor animal bioassay data yet exist that directly bear on NTDE carcinogenic potential. A chronic bioassay of NTDE currently in progress will provide data on whether NTDE poses a carcinogenic hazard, but based on the significant reductions in PM mass emissions and the major changes in PM composition, it has been hypothesized that NTDE has a low carcinogenic potential. When the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reevaluates DE (along with GEE and nitroarenes) in June 2012, it will be the first authoritative body to assess DE carcinogenic health hazards since the emergence of NTDE and the accumulation of data differentiating NTDE from TDE.

[owluca]

Vivere provoca morte certa.

...e quindi è inutile affrettarsi tanto non se ne esce vivi

Ad esempio, anche la saccarina, noto dolcificante, è classificata come sicuramente cancerogena. Si erano già attivati per vietarla.

Peccato che la dose che sviluppava il cancro era qualcosa come 2kg al giorno per anni....e chi cazzo mangia 2kg di saccarina al giorno?

prima di essere cancerogena e lassativa, come ricordava poco tempo fà il Corriere, con una grafica dove si ipotizzava che un bimbo

mangiasse in giorno fra bevande e merendine quello che i gemelli non consumano in un mese

[Ampo]

....potranno finalmente procedere contro i sindaci che non bloccano la circolazione dei veicoli e non prendono provvedimenti seri per scongiurare il superamento del valore limite di 50 µg/m3 di PM10, che per legge non andrebbe superato per più di 35 volte in un anno"

la favola che il blocco del traffico faccia scendere improvvisamente e miracolosamente la concentrazione di polveri sottili nelle città quanto deve durare ancora?

[Maxwell61]

Brutale OT:

negli anni 80 i costruttori USA iniziarono a vendere i diesel con catalizzatore, prima di essere stroncati dalle nuove norme che li hanno salvati in tempo da una marea di particolato.

Perfino la Cadillac ci provò: Un amico di famiglia italoamericano se ne portò una quando ritornò per un'anno in Italia, e io, neopatentato, mi divertivo spesso a guidarla, una favola di comfort, di gadgets e di esibizionismo

CADILLAC SEVILLE ELEGANTE Diesel V8 5.7 lt.

End brutale OT

Modificato 14 Giugno 2012 da Maxwell61

[RiRino]

Molto particolare come auto,anche se preferisco la classica Seville ''liscia''

sull'altra il posteriore sembra squagliato...

scusate l'OT.....

[Teknos]

Non cè mai fine al peggio.

ps: i benzina consuma più dei rispettivi motori diesel e le accise sulla benzina sono superiori...traete voi le conclusioni...