Auto a idrogeno

[bik]

Diciamo che l'utilità è abbassare le emissioni della gamma di veicoli commercializzata, visto che l'idrogeno non emette CO2.

[vince-991]

How Is the United States Doing in the Global Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Game?

 

Alternative-energy sources are quickly taking hold across the United States and the world. While hydroelectricity has been a longtime source of energy to power the grid, new options are constantly being explored for other uses. One of the biggest technological leaps in the automotive world is the hydrogen-powered car. Sound like a pipe dream? Think again. Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) are coming to a lot near you, and fuel stations aren’t far behind—they’re already there in small numbers on the West Coast.

“The U.S. is making progress on the development of a hydrogen station network, especially in California,” said Toyota Advanced Technologies Group national manager Craig Scott. “Today there are about 25 retail locations in California, with about 17 more in various stages of development.”

Funding currently exists for 100 hydrogen fuel stations across California. Scott admitted that widespread adoption and development of hydrogen fuel-station infrastructure is necessary for technology to truly take hold. The brand has a major interest in doing so: Toyota has released the Mirai, one of the first commercially sold hydrogen vehicles in the country.

 

“Our president, Akio Toyoda, explained that hydrogen represents the next 100 years for us.” — Craig Scott, Toyota Advanced Technologies Group

 

“Hydrogen is an important long-term technology initiative for Toyota,” Scott said. “When we launched Mirai, our president, Akio Toyoda, explained that hydrogen represents the next 100 years for us. The transition to carbon-free fuels and zero-emission-vehicle technology will happen over a period of time measured in decades, not years.”

While the implementation of hydrogen infrastructure in the United States is still largely contained to California (there are three stations on the Eastern seaboard), other countries have already committed major resources to the green energy source.

As home to the largest concentration of hydrogen car manufacturers, Japan not surprisingly has a more robust network of hydrogen fueling stations than other countries. The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry recently set a goal of having 40,000 FCVs on the road by 2020, just in time for the Olympic Games in Tokyo. There are currently 80 fueling stations across that country, but the government is aiming to double that by the time the torch is lit.

The island nation plans to make its hydrogen dream a reality through public/private partnerships with both energy companies and automakers. By investing big in its own infrastructure and production, Japan hopes it can create an economy-of-scale effect that drives down the price of both FCVs and hydrogen infrastructure.

Meanwhile, in Europe, similar plans to cooperatively develop both FCVs and the infrastructure to go with them are underway. Two major German automakers are in the final stages of developing production versions of FCVs. By 2023, Europe’s largest economy plans to have 400 stations across the country (currently fewer than 50 are in operation), creating an environment where economies of scale can take effect for automakers and suppliers.

Elsewhere in Europe, population-dense nations that place a high value on green energy already have robust functioning networks of hydrogen stations. Denmark—where approximately a dozen stations are currently operating, with more on the way—has partnered with its neighboring Nordic states Norway and Sweden, as well as Germany, to ensure that travel routes between major cities are outfitted with fueling stations.

 

“People often pit BEVs against FCVs, but I say that’s silly—this is not a zero-sum game.” — Craig Scott

 

No discussion of hydrogen infrastructure is complete without mentioning the green elephant in the room: battery-electric vehicles (BEVs). The demand and technology for BEVs have soared in recent years, and many critics are quick to suggest that consumers and indeed infrastructure developers must choose one or the other.

“People often pit BEVs against FCVs, but I say that’s silly—this is not a zero-sum game,” Scott explained. “Any technology that drives society toward less carbon in our transportation system should be embraced. BEVs work for some customers, while FCVs, I believe, can work for many more. The idea is to make the transition easy and seamless for the customer.”

With the exception of California, the United States is far from having a robust hydrogen infrastructure, but developments in the Golden State, Japan, and Europe suggest this could change quickly. A recent independent market research report posited that by 2020, enough infrastructure will be in place around the globe to jump-start the FCV market. By 2050, the report argued, FCVs will dominate the auto industry. As more stations are built and FCVs become cheaper, it’s only a matter of time before hydrogen is a standard option on the road.

http://blog.caranddriver.com/how-is-the-united-states-doing-in-the-global-hydrogen-fuel-cell-game/?src=nlp&mag=cdb&list=toyota&date=02062017

[vince-991]

On 3/2/2017 at 0:43 PM, Ario_ said:

Il problema dell'idrogeno è che il costo e lo stoccaggio sono costosissimi.

La conseguenza è che le auto a idrogeno sono buone solo a fini pubblicitari, vederle su strada è del tutto irrealistico almeno finché non si troverà un nuovo sistema di stoccaggio (so che stanno studiando sistemi che utilizzano i nanotubi).

Anche la produzione dell'idrogeno richiede energie elevate, e si ricava per lo più da combustibili fossili (e siamo punto e a capo!). Prima di parlare di come consumarlo nelle auto, servirebbe pensare a come produrlo in maniera efficiente ed ecologica.

Pero' dagli articoli che sto riportando in questo topic mi sembra che non sia proprio cosi'. Siamo ancora allo stadio embrionale ma mi pare che diversi paesi stiano lavorando per realizzare una rete di distribuzione dell'idrogeno.

[vince-991]

BMW, MERCEDES, HONDA, HYUNDAI E TOYOTA INSIEME PER LE FUEL CELL

http://www.automobilismo.it/bmw-mercedes-honda-hyundai-e-toyota-per-le-fuel-cell-auto-26733

 

[Ario_]

17 ore fa, vince-991 dice:

Pero' dagli articoli che sto riportando in questo topic mi sembra che non sia proprio cosi'. Siamo ancora allo stadio embrionale ma mi pare che diversi paesi stiano lavorando per realizzare una rete di distribuzione dell'idrogeno.

Soldi da buttare ce ne sono sempre stati troppi...

[vince-991]

Auto elettriche VS auto a idrogeno: chi è più efficiente?

(Rinnovabili.it) – Sappiamo che le auto elettriche a batteria (BEV) e le auto a idrogeno (FCEV) sono più amiche dell’ambiente di quelle tradizionali. Ma quale tra queste due tecnologie può vantare la maggiore efficienza?

Brandon Schoettle e Michael Sivak dell’Istituto di ricerca sui Trasporti della University of Michigan (UMTRI ), citano letteratura tecnica e interviste con esperti del settore automobilistico ed energetico per confrontare i due propulsori ad energia alternativa, utilizzando come standard i veicoli a benzina.

 

Il loro paper evidenzia che parte dei vantaggi delle auto elettriche a batteria risiede nella maggiore disponibilità sul mercato, in una gamma più vasta di modelli, costi operativi ridotti, e una infrastruttura relativamente poco costosa. Secondo i ricercatori oggi vi sono 13 modelli alimentati a batteria tra cui scegliere, mentre sarebbero solo tre quelli a celle a combustibile.

Il neo dei BEV è il tempo di ricarica, maggiore rispetto alle auto a idrogeno. È anche vero, però,  che un sistema per la ricarica domestica può costare intorno ai 1.000 dollari e una stazione di servizio varia dai 10 ai 100 mila dollari. Un distributore di idrogeno invece richiede investimenti di 3-5 milioni. Il tema delle infrastrutture, dunque, sembra premiare l’elettrico a batteria.

 

Chi ha a cuore la qualità dell’ambiente, tuttavia, non può dimenticare che il consumo di petrolio dell’idrogeno è minore secondo l’indice WTW (well-to-weel – letteralmente “dal pozzo alla ruota”). In particolare, i veicoli a batteria consumano 57 kj contro i circa 30 delle fuel cell. L’indice WTW parte dalla fonte primaria di energia, considera i processi per la sue eventuali trasformazioni, il costo in termini energetici per il suo trasporto e la quantità di energia usata per muovere un’auto lungo una determinata distanza. Ma le emissioni well-to-wheel dei BEV si aggirano sui 310 g/km contro i 416 minimi dei FCEV. Lo studio, infine, ha valutato che le auto elettriche a batterie battono quelle a celle a combustibile per il risparmio di carburante (45 km/l contro 26 km/l).

In conclusione, sembra che le auto elettriche al momento registrino performance superiori rispetto a quelle ad idrogeno. Servirà ulteriore progresso tecnologico per pareggiare i conti, ma una cosa è certa. Qualsiasi scelta si voglia intraprendere, abbandonare benzina e gas porterebbe comunque dei vantaggi.

http://www.rinnovabili.it/mobilita/auto-elettriche-auto-idrogeno-efficiente-333/

[Damynavy]

https://it.businessinsider.com/una-startup-e-riuscita-a-stabilizzare-lidrogeno-sara-il-carburante-del-futuro-meta-prezzo-doppia-autonomia-e-0-emissioni/

[AleMcGir]

 

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Toyota Developing Hydrogen Engine Technologies Through Motorsports

Toyota City, Japan, April 22, 2021―Toyota Motor Corporation (Toyota) announced today that, toward the achievement of a carbon-neutral mobility society, it is developing a hydrogen engine. It has installed the engine on a racing vehicle based on Toyota's Corolla Sport, which it will enter in competition under the ORC ROOKIE Racing banner starting with the Super Taikyu Series 2021 Powered by Hankook Round 3 NAPAC Fuji Super TEC 24 Hours Race on May 21-23.

By honing its under-development hydrogen engine in the harsh environment of motorsports, Toyota aims to contribute to the realization of a sustainable and prosperous mobility society.

Fuel cell electrified vehicles (FCEVs) such as Toyota's Mirai use a fuel cell in which hydrogen chemically reacts with oxygen in the air to produce electricity that powers an electric motor. Meanwhile, hydrogen engines generate power through the combustion of hydrogen using fuel supply and injection systems that have been modified from those used with gasoline engines. Except for the combustion of minute amounts of engine oil during driving, which is also the case with gasoline engines, hydrogen engines emit zero CO2 when in use.

Combustion in hydrogen engines occurs at a faster rate than in gasoline engines, resulting in a characteristic of good responsiveness. While having excellent environmental performance, hydrogen engines also have the potential to relay the fun of driving, including through sounds and vibrations.

Toyota has long engaged in the innovation of engine technology. Also, it is applying in production vehicles the technologies that it has continued to refine through its participation in motorsports, with the GR Yaris launched last September being one example. And when it comes to safety, Toyota intends to apply the technologies and know-how that it has accumulated through the development of fuel cell vehicles and the commercialization of the Mirai.

Plans are for the hydrogen-engine-powered race vehicle announced today to be fueled during races using hydrogen produced^* at the Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field in Namie Town, Fukushima Prefecture. While aiming to expand hydrogen infrastructure by promoting hydrogen use, Toyota intends to continue advancing efforts for economic recovery and revitalization of the Tohoku region together with all parties concerned.

Toward achieving carbon neutrality, Toyota has been strengthening its efforts, such as by aiming to promote the use of hydrogen through the popularization of FCEVs and numerous other fuel-cell-powered products. By further refining its hydrogen-engine technologies through motorsports, Toyota intends to aim for the realization of an even better hydrogen-based society.

 

https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/35209996.html

 

 

[J-Gian]

7 ore fa, AleMcGir scrive:

 

Ma attualmente BMW testa solo veicoli Fuel cell (vedere foto), o ha anche motori a combustione con idrogeno?

[vince-991]

Qui parlano solo di fuel  cell

https://www.bmw.com/en/innovation/how-hydrogen-fuel-cell-cars-work.html